Americans found a taste for rum during Prohibition either from visiting places like Cuba and Puerto Rico, where it was perfectly legal to drink, or imbibing on the hooch brought in by rum-runners operating in the shadows cast by moonshine. Molasses and other trade goods were soon blocked at the harbors, and rum, also a crucial provision in the war, became increasingly scarce to the point of fading out almost entirely, forcing distiller/farmers to work with bulky grains transported by land, instead of sugar, transported by boat.Īfter the Revolution, some rum production started up again sourced from southern sugar plantations in places like Louisiana, but the Civil War largely destroyed these distilleries. In fact, according to Curtis, the first blood spilled in the Revolution was that of a local rum distiller, Joseph Whicher, who was bayoneted by a British soldier during the initial standoff with the Sons of Liberty. The rum distillers were at the forefront of the rebellion against the British, backed by tavern-keepers. A few more subsequent lobs from the British against the burgeoning American rum industry, but the Boston Tea Party was the deadly blow. So the Molasses Act was replaced in 1764 by the Sugar Act, which was more highly enforced by British rule, going so far as using their navy to face down ships carrying molasses to North America at sea and divert them away from their shores. However, the tariffs were pretty much ignored and the rum and its revenue continued to flow. To sum up, they started to fight back with the Molasses Act of 1733, which cuffed heavy fees on molasses from non-British territories. He explains in detail how irate British lawmakers attempted to curtail the success of colonial rum production. We didn’t need their stinkin’ sugar! Thus New England distillers (nearly synonymous with “farmers” in those days) were making lakes of rum to sell to sell and trade.įor a really terrific read on the history of rum with insightful passages on its American roots, pick up a copy of And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in Ten Cocktails by Wayne Curtis. Because it was so cheap to come by from these allies, molasses were also used as a convenient bird-flip to the British during trade negotiations. Traditional rum is distilled from molasses, which was one of the easiest and cheapest commodities to acquire trading with Europe, the Dutch colonies of South America and the sugar-producing French islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Grenada in the 18th century.

We hope that the book will prove useful to all who enjoy doing crossword puzzles – and, in particular, to those who enjoy completing them.Though bourbon has been officially designated the “ distinctive product of the United States,” rum is technically America’s native spirit. It should be noted that ‘-ise’ endings are also possible for these. In general, ‘-ize’ ending have been used for verbs. We have also given, in many cases, plurals of nouns, comparatives and superlatives of adjectives, and inflections of verbs. The words chosen include proper nouns, names of people and places, as well as common two- and three-word phrases. Within each section, the words are arranged alphabetically. We have included over 100,000 English words organized into words with two letters, words with three letters, four letters, etc., up to fifteen letters. INTRODUCTION This book consists of a set of lists of words specifically designed to help crossword-puzzle solvers.

Text compiled and typeset by Market House Books Ltd., Aylesbury Printed in Spain by Graph圜ems The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers.Ī CIP record for this title is available from the British Library eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0230-5 This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. First published 1988 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Second edition published 1995 Third edition published 1997 This combined edition published 2007 by A&C Black Publishers Ltd, 38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB © A&C Black Publishers Ltd.

British tavern keeper crossword